Indian Social Structure

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Indian Society is unique in many ways. It has several races, religious and cultural amalgamations. That is why it is said that India has unity in diversity. In addition to people from different castes living peacefully in this country, people belonging to three great religious of the world, the Hinduism, Christianity and Islam, are found in large numbers in India. Indian society, traditionally, follows a caste system under which the profession of a person was guided by the caste in which he was born. Caste system to a significant extend was also found among Indian Muslims, Christians, Sikhs and Bodhs. In addition, Indian society and culture have been greatly enriched by various immigrants and invaders over the centuries. Besides, religion like Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism from India. The farmers of Indian Constitutions upheld the unique diversity of Indian society by opting for a secular start where all the religions are equally important and the citizens are free to practice any religion of their choice, without any interface from any quarter.

 

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Indian Social Structure For Group 1,11,111 & Civil Services(Paperback, NA)
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Indian Social Structure
Indian Society is unique in many ways. It has several races, religious and cultural amalgamations. That is why it is said that India has unity in diversity. In addition to people from different castes living peacefully in this country, people belonging to three great religious of the world, the Hinduism, Christianity and Islam, are found in large numbers in India. Indian society, traditionally, follows a caste system under which the profession of a person was guided by the caste in which he was born. Caste system to a significant extend was also found among Indian Muslims, Christians, Sikhs and Bodhs. In addition, Indian society and culture have been greatly enriched by various immigrants and invaders over the centuries. Besides, religion like Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism from India. The farmers of Indian Constitutions upheld the unique diversity of Indian society by opting for a secular start where all the religions are equally important and the citizens are free to practice any religion of their choice, without any interface from any quarter.

  • 1.1 Silent Features of Indian Society

Social and ethos of traditional Indian society
All forms of social organization, including the social institutions, emerge out of human needs. The human needs define human interest, purpose and aspirations; and the actual planning of the different forms of social organization takes place in terms of the human adjustments of human behavior, individual and social, with these purposes and aspirations. The Hindu conception of life and it’s conduct, social as well as individual, is also organized in view of these considerations.

1.1.1 Caste
The social structure of Indian society is characterized by a unique social institution called ‘caste’. It is one of the ancient social institutions prevailing in India since time immemorial.

1.1.2 Family in India
The family is a unique institution. It oscillated between the most intimate to the most public in its various contexts. All of us live for most of the time in families. Family is the vital primary group of all forms of human groups. The word ‘family’ has been derived from Roman term ‘famulus’ which means ‘servant’. According to MecIver, ‘family’ is a group defined by a sex relationship sufficiently precise and enduring to provide for the procreation and upbringing of children.

1.1.3 Marriage in India
The institution of marriages has been one of the major pillars of Indian social structure. Marriage is scared and happens at the will of God. In India, we marry because we have to fulfill our worldly responsibilities, assigned to us by the Supreme Lord, which include giving rise to progeny.

1.1.4 Kniship
Kinship system refers to a set of persons recognized as relatives either by virtue of a blobal relationship or by virtue of a marriage relationship. Murdock describes kinship, “as a structured system of relationship in which kin are bound to one another by complex inter-locking ties”. Smelser defines kinship as “a cluster of social relations based on factors such as biological ties, marriage and legal rules regarding adoption, guardianship, and the like”.

1.1.5 Religion in India
Religion in India is characterized by a diversity of religious beliefs and practices. Indian subcontinent is the birthplace of some of the world’s major religions; namely Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism. Throughout India’s history, religion has been an important part of the country’s culture. Religious diversity and religious tolerance are both established in the country by the law and custom; the Constitution of India has declared the right to freedom of religion to be a fundamental right.

1.1.6 Tribe
Article 46 of India’s Constitution states: “The State shell promote with special care the educational and economic interests of the weaker sections of the people, and, in particular, of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes and shall protect them from social injustice and all forms of exploitations”. There are, however, tribes which are not Scheduled Tribes (STs) and are generally weaker sections of India’s population, like the Scheduled Castes (SCs).

1.1.7 Women in India
Historical studies and the scriptures indicate that Indian women enjoyed a comparatively high status during the early Vedic Period [2000 B.C. to 1000 B.C.] The condition of Vedic Women was good. Women also enjoyed religious status like that of men, especially in Vedic initiation and studies. The rig Veda provides ample evidence to prove that concept of equality of women with men as regards access and capacity to acquire the highest knowledge, even the knowledge of the Absolute.

1.1.8 Middle Class
The term ‘Middle class’ in relation to India is predominantly used with respect to the subcontinent’s drastic shift from a planned economy to an open market economy in the early 1990s. India has capitalized on its large educated English- speaking population to become a major exporter of information technology services and software workers, who constitute key segments of the middle class.

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